In June 2020, three months into the COVID-19 pandemic, health officials modified early restrictions to permit outdoor socializing. This change was well-received, particularly by those having difficulty with lockdowns. Despite closures of national and provincial parks, people flocked to local parks and outdoor areas, highlighting our need for social interaction and sparking a newfound appreciation for nature among those who seldom ventured outside.
Though restrictions have eased, national parks are busier than ever, leading to crowding and overuse, which can threaten habitats with erosion and pollution. This presents challenges for conservation and might harm the very natural spaces we love. It’s long been known that nature benefits our health, but the extent of research supporting this is surprising. Many studies have examined this link, such as one from Japan showing significant stress reduction after just 15 minutes in a forest compared to a city street. Another study noted increased brain volume from more outdoor time, and a broad review indicated that living near water enhances physical and mental health.
For urban residents, visiting national parks offers a way to immerse in nature, especially as healthcare developments make them more accessible. The idea of “nature prescriptions” is growing, with countries like the UK, Japan, and the USA where health professionals recommend outdoor time for well-being. In Canada, the PaRx program has made history by partnering with Parks Canada to provide free park passes to patients. PaRx, led by Dr. Melissa Lem, offers discounted access and collaborates with transport organizations to improve outdoor accessibility. However, park authorities worry about the negative consequences of rising park traffic, noting that poor conduct by some visitors spoils the experience for others.
Vandalism has risen at places like Big Bend National Park in Texas, with ancient petroglyphs damaged beyond repair. In California, the area around Hyperion, the largest living tree, is so degraded that fines are imposed on those veering off trails. At Banff National Park, a guide noted tourists view wildlife as mere attractions, asking, “Will you show us the wildlife today?”
The impact of colonial attitudes on land use has also affected Indigenous Peoples, whose traditions may be disrupted by tourists seeking outdoor experiences and Instagram-worthy shots. While some treat the land, animals, and plants as mere attractions, Indigenous knowledge systems view the health of all beings as interconnected. Disrespect in national parks highlights the gap between Indigenous and Western worldviews. It’s important to recognize that many national parks were established by displacing Indigenous Peoples and marketed for their natural beauty to settlers. Today, Canada’s park system is collaborating with Indigenous Peoples to mend past injustices.
To promote respectful and safe use of green and blue spaces, policies should be considered. Outdoor groups should strengthen ties with initiatives like Leave No Trace to promote respectful practices. Parks could partner with local transport services to reduce private car use. Laws might be amended to impose higher fines for vandalism and pollution. Cooperation among the private sector, non-profits, and various government levels is key to addressing these issues. Investing in Indigenous-led solutions for park management is crucial. Spending time in nature goes beyond mere health improvement. We are an integral part of the natural environment and our actions significantly affect the ecosystems and creatures around us.